{"id":15532,"date":"2025-08-07T16:33:26","date_gmt":"2025-08-07T15:33:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/romevisionclinic.com\/?p=15532"},"modified":"2025-08-07T16:50:59","modified_gmt":"2025-08-07T15:50:59","slug":"surfisti_sub_maculopatia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/romevisionclinic.com\/it\/surfisti_sub_maculopatia\/","title":{"rendered":"Surf e Sub: pi\u00f9 a rischio di maculopatia?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"15532\" class=\"elementor elementor-15532\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dae3d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dae3d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;wave-brush&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-top\" 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d=\"M15.6,13.2c0-0.1,4.3,0,6.7,0.5c2.4,0.5,5,1.9,5,2c0,0.1-2.7-0.8-5.1-1.4\tC19.9,13.7,15.7,13.3,15.6,13.2z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29564d4\" data-id=\"29564d4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-183b372 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"183b372\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 26-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Surfisti<\/strong> e <strong>subacquei<\/strong> trascorrono molto tempo in prossimit\u00e0 della <strong>superficie del mare<\/strong>, dove l\u2019<strong>interazione tra luce solare e acqua <\/strong>determina <strong>condizioni luminose particolari<\/strong> che potrebbero influire negativamente sulla <strong>salute della retina<\/strong> e determinare nel tempo un <strong>maggiore rischio di degenerazione maculare legata all\u2019et\u00e0<\/strong> (<strong>AMD<\/strong>), anche nota come <strong>maculopatia<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8c95c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8c95c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Questo \u00e8 quanto emerge dall\u2019articolo di Davinia Beaver e Carly Hudson, due ricercatrici australiane dalla Facolt\u00e0 di Scienze della Salute e Medicina della Bond University (Queensland, Australia), pubblicato recentemente sulla rivista scientifica internazionale <em>Eye<\/em> <sup>(*)<\/sup>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce2699a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce2699a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La <strong>luce solare<\/strong> \u00e8 costituita da radiazioni di diversa lunghezza d\u2019onda e alcune di queste possono causare danni alle cellule e al DNA quando interagiscono con i tessuti biologici, in particolare le <strong>radiazioni ultraviolette<\/strong> (<strong>UV<\/strong>) e le <strong>radiazioni visibili ad alta energia <\/strong>(<strong>HEV<\/strong>) che costituiscono la <strong>luce blu<\/strong> (<strong>BL<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p>Beaver e Hudson sottolineano che negli <strong>ambienti marini<\/strong> la luce solare si comporta in modo diverso rispetto a quanto avviene negli <strong>ambienti terrestri<\/strong>. La superficie del mare pu\u00f2 infatti riflettere fino al 30% della radiazione UV incidente e anche di pi\u00f9 nel caso della luce HEV, a seconda degli angoli di incidenza e delle condizioni atmosferiche.<\/p>\n<p>In letteratura scientifica esistono molti studi <strong>sugli effetti negativi delle radiazioni UV e della luce blu sui tessuti dell\u2019occhio<\/strong>. Diversi dati indicano che l&#8217;esposizione cumulativa a queste radiazioni ha conseguenze biologicamente e clinicamente rilevanti: i <strong>raggi UVB<\/strong> sono stati correlati a un maggior rischio di <strong>pterigio<\/strong> e di <strong>fotocheratite<\/strong>, mentre i <strong>raggi UVA<\/strong> e la <strong>luce blu<\/strong> sono stati correlati alla <strong>catarattogenesi<\/strong> e alla <strong>degenerazione maculare legata all\u2019et\u00e0<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;<strong>esposizione cronica alla luce blu <\/strong>sembra determinare <strong>stress ossidativo<\/strong>, <strong>danno ai fotorecettori<\/strong> e <strong>disfunzione dell&#8217;epitelio pigmentato retinico<\/strong>, soprattutto nelle persone che vivono in aree geografiche con elevati indici UV e\/o che svolgono un lavoro all\u2019aperto e\/o che non indossano lenti protettive.<\/p>\n<p>Tuttavia ad oggi non sono ancora disponibili dati scientifici che permettano di valutare gli effetti della radiazione solare sulla salute degli occhi dei surfisti e dei subacquei. A tal fine serviranno <strong>studi multidisciplinari di oftalmologia, ottica ambientale e medicina sportiva<\/strong> per valutare con pi\u00f9 precisione la natura e l&#8217;entit\u00e0 del rischio in questa sottopopolazione di sportivi.<\/p>\n<p>Nuovi studi potrebbero avvalersi dei moderni strumenti indossabili di radiometria e imaging oculare, in grado di offrire metodi pratici e precisi per misurare l&#8217;irradianza oculare e studiarne l\u2019effetto. Studi di imaging retinico permetterebbero inoltre di mettere a confronto i praticanti di questi sport acquatici con controlli non esposti e valutare il rischio di esposizione cumulativa anche in base all&#8217;et\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>Una maggiore conoscenza acquisita permetterebbe di sviluppare protocolli e interventi di protezione mirati (informazione, comunicazione e raccomandazioni comportamentali corrette), oltre che progettare e produrre attrezzature idonee, come maschere subacquee con filtro UV\/BL e occhiali specifici per la pratica del surf.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;attuale assenza di dati sull&#8217;esposizione oculare ai raggi UV e alla luce blu nei surfisti e nei subacquei non deve essere interpretata come prova di un rischio trascurabile. Al contrario bisogna <strong>non dimenticare che sulla superficie del mare la radiazione diretta si somma alla radiazione riflessa, intensificata dalle propriet\u00e0 riflettenti dell\u2019acqua, e che sotto la superficie si ha una radiazione solare particolarmente ricca di luce blu, che pervade il campo visivo<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Per i motivi riportati sopra, surfisti e sub sono particolarmente esposti a stress retinico cumulativo: i primi perch\u00e9 trascorrono molto tempo a scrutare l\u2019orizzonte marino in attesa delle onde, i secondi perch\u00e9 durante le immersioni sono soggetti a luce blu intensa.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Lo stress retinico \u00e8 associato a stress ossidativo e infiammazione, le principali cause che determinano l\u2019insorgenza della AMD, pertanto l\u2019esposizione cumulativa prolungata a UV e\/o luce blu potrebbe determinare rischi significativi per la salute degli occhi, compreso il rischio di AMD.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Oculisti<\/strong> e <strong>medici di base <\/strong>dovrebbero <strong>non sottostimare questo rischio <\/strong>e contribuire a <strong>mettere in atto strategie preventive volte a mitigare i rischi a lungo termine per la visione di chi pratica sport acquatici, con particolare riguardo per surfisti e subacquei<\/strong><\/p><p><strong><br><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e034a83 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e034a83\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d2453c\" data-id=\"6d2453c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4ac31a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4ac31a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><sup>(*)<\/sup> Beaver D, Hudson C. Are surfers and scuba divers an overlooked at-risk group for age-related macular degeneration? Eye (Lond). 2025 Jul 21. doi: 10.1038\/s41433-025-03941-9. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40691725.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a36c027 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a36c027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a52068 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6a52068\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe81d83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"fe81d83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1216dd3\" data-id=\"1216dd3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c41ec05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c41ec05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dr. Jung Hee Levialdi Ghiron<br \/><strong>Responsabile comunicazione scientifica Rome Vision Clinic<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6c39dff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6c39dff\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-43ae084\" data-id=\"43ae084\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12d149a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"12d149a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 26-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maggiori Informazioni<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-62d6664 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"62d6664\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1def19d\" data-id=\"1def19d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e82244 elementor-grid-1 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"5e82244\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/romevisionclinic.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/css\/widget-posts.min.css\">\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-11682 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry nt-post-class  masonry-item col-lg-4 excerpt-none\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/romevisionclinic.com\/it\/interventi\/occhio-secco\/\" ><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/romevisionclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/X-OCCHIO-SECCO-copia-300x180.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-13435\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/romevisionclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/X-OCCHIO-SECCO-copia-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/romevisionclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/X-OCCHIO-SECCO-copia-1024x613.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/romevisionclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/X-OCCHIO-SECCO-copia-768x460.jpg 768w, https:\/\/romevisionclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/X-OCCHIO-SECCO-copia-1536x919.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/romevisionclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/X-OCCHIO-SECCO-copia-2048x1226.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/romevisionclinic.com\/it\/interventi\/occhio-secco\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tOcchio secco: cos\u2019\u00e8 e come si cura\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/romevisionclinic.com\/it\/interventi\/occhio-secco\/\" aria-label=\"Leggi tutto Occhio secco: cos\u2019\u00e8 e come si cura\" >\n\t\t\tLeggi Tutto \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\t28\/11\/2023\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9a4051\" data-id=\"c9a4051\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Surfisti e subacquei trascorrono molto tempo in prossimit\u00e0 della superficie del mare, dove l\u2019interazione tra luce solare e acqua determina condizioni luminose particolari che potrebbero<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":15542,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle","nt-post-class","","masonry-item","col-lg-4","excerpt-none"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - 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